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       🌱 Ecological Interactions – MCQs Answers are given below.... 1. Which type of ecological interaction benefits both species involved? A) Predation B) Parasitism C) Mutualism D) Commensalism 2. In parasitism, the organism that is harmed is called the: A) Predator B) Host C) Parasite D) Vector 3. The interaction in which one organism benefits while the other is neither harmed nor benefited is called: A) Mutualism B) Amensalism C) Commensalism D) Competition 4. Which of the following is an example of interspecific competition ? A) Lions competing with each other for mates B) Trees shading out understory plants C) Two bacteria cells dividing D) An eagle preying on a rabbit 5. Which ecological interaction is detrimental to both species involved? A) Predation B) Mutualism C) Competition D) Commensalism 6. Mycorrhizal fungi associated with plant roots illustrate what type of interaction? A) Parasitism B) Mutualism C) Predation D) Amensalism 7. A...

  Food Chain – MCQs ANSWERS ARE GIVEN BELOW 1. In an ecological food chain, the organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis are called: A) Primary consumers B) Producers C) Decomposers D) Secondary consumers 2. Which of the following represents the correct order of a grazing food chain ? A) Producer → Decomposer → Primary consumer B) Producer → Primary consumer → Secondary consumer C) Primary consumer → Producer → Secondary consumer D) Decomposer → Producer → Primary consumer 3. The ultimate source of energy for most food chains on Earth is: A) Soil B) Water C) The Sun D) Green plants 4. In a food chain, herbivores are typically classified as: A) Tertiary consumers B) Producers C) Secondary consumers D) Primary consumers 5. Which of the following is an example of a detritus food chain ? A) Grass → Grasshopper → Frog → Snake B) Dead leaves → Earthworms → Birds C) Algae → Zooplankton → Fish D) Plants → Cow → Human 6. What is the approximate energy transfer efficie...

  Air Pollution Control Devices – MCQs Answers are given below .... 1. Which of the following devices is used to remove particulate matter from flue gases using gravitational settling and centrifugal force? A) Electrostatic precipitator B) Cyclone separator C) Baghouse filter D) Wet scrubber 2. In an electrostatic precipitator, the primary method of removing particles is: A) Filtration B) Electrostatic attraction C) Absorption D) Centrifugation 3. Which air pollution control device uses fabric bags to collect fine dust particles? A) Scrubber B) Cyclone separator C) Electrostatic precipitator D) Baghouse filter 4. Wet scrubbers are most effective in removing: A) Carbon dioxide B) Fine particulate matter C) Volatile organic compounds D) Gaseous pollutants like SO₂ and NOₓ 5. Which of the following is not an air pollution control device for particulate removal? A) Gravity settling chamber B) Cyclone separator C) Wet scrubber D) Catalytic converter 6. The device used in automobiles ...

  Air Pollution: Sources, Primary and Secondary Pollutants Air pollution is the presence of substances in the atmosphere—introduced either by human activity or natural processes—that are harmful to humans, animals, plants, and the environment. It has become a critical global issue, affecting air quality, health, weather patterns, and climate. Air pollution occurs when harmful gases, particulates, or biological molecules are introduced into Earth’s atmosphere, causing discomfort or disease.   Sources of Air Pollution The sources of air pollution are broadly classified into two categories: 1. Natural Sources These occur without human intervention and include: Volcanic eruptions – release sulfur dioxide (SO₂), ash, and particulate matter. Forest fires – release carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and particulates. Dust storms – especially in arid regions, release large amounts of particulates. Pollen dispersal – contributes to allerg...